Complicating narratives of the Kindertransport
Digital Exhibition
Born 12.2.23 in Vienna.
The collection reflects themes of family separation, agency, identity and gratitude.
Bruno Nussbaum, age 14
Bruno Nussbaum was born on 19.10.24 in Dortmund, Germany and had a younger brother named Josef. He and his family were deported from Germany to Zbąszyń in the Polenaktion of 28 October 1938. The brothers were brought to Britain by the Polish Jewish Refugee Fund on the final transport from Poland, arriving on 30 August 1939. They were briefly housed in a London hostel before being evacuated to Worthing, where they came under the care of the Worthing Refugee Committee led by Dorothy Thornycroft. In the spring of 1940, the evacuees were moved again, this time to hostel in Leeds where Bruno and Josef both became apprentices in an architectural firm. Bruno came to London in 1943 hoping to find a better position and continue his architectural training , coming under the care of the Jewish Board of Guardians’ Industrial and Boy’s Welfare Committee as well as the PJRF. In late 1944, Bruno joined the army as a surveyor and after the war became a qualified architect. He remained in Britain. Bruno and Josef’s parents were murdered in the Holocaust.
Most of the documents in this collection relate to Bruno’s artistic talent and his desire to become a qualified architect. He demonstrated agency in this pursuit from before he arrived in the UK until he joined the army and was no longer under the refugee agency’s care (Documents 1, 6 and 10). In particular, Bruno advocated very charmingly for himself in 1941 when he asked the PJRF to allow him to go to college to become certified by the Royal Institute of British Architects (Document 6). The correspondence from various refugee agencies demonstrates their attitudes towards Bruno’s career aspirations. While Dorothy Thornycroft favoured Bruno’s desires (Document 5), the PJRF was reluctant to encourage a refugee boy to pursue his professional or higher educational goals (Documents 3, 4 and 7). The Jewish correspondence between the Fund and the Jewish Board of Guardians (Documents 8 and 9) is also very revealing of voluntary organisations’ attitudes to refugee children. Document 9 also reveals Bruno’s agency in emancipating himself from care committees that he felt were too controlling. Nevertheless, years later he once again appealed for their help when he required some expensive materials for his training (Document 10).
The collection also includes a letter from Bruno’s mother Dvora (Document 2), which demonstrates the wrenching decisions parents had to make to separate their families and send their children to safety. The letter, whose handwriting indicates that it was dictated by Devora to Bruno, reveals that Devora and her husband already harboured no illusions about their own fate and felt that “it would be a luck for us to save our children from a future as ours.”
The below documents are from the Schonfeld collection (MS 183) at the Special Collection, Hartley Library, University of Southampton. All of the below documents are used with permission of the University of Southampton Special Collections..
Please navigate the thumbnails below to view the full-size documents. Each document is accompanied by a description and archive reference.